ABSTRACT
The Wandaitang，recorded in an ancient medical book named Fu Qingzhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology，is one of the Classical Prescriptions. The detailed discussion and record on Wantaitang by later medical scholars can be also regarded as the inheritance and development of the original academic thought from Fu Qingzhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology. By referring to recent literatures，we have found that there are a few reports on Wandaitang from the perspective of ancient literature，but such reports are not systematic or comprehensive enough. Under the premise of inheriting but not rigidly adhering to the ancients，investigation and analysis would be made in this paper from the aspects of the origin，efficacy，dose conversion between ancient and modern uses，usage and dosage form，modern clinical application，contraindications and others based on ancient and modern literatures，in order to further promote the textual research work on Wandaitang and provide reference for its secondary research and development. The research results showed that the origin of Wandaitang can be traced back to the Bianzhenglu（Collecting Record of Differentiation of Symptoms and Signs），and its effect can be summarized as invigorating Qi and spleen，soothing liver-Qi stagnation，elevating yang and arresting leucorrhoea. In view of the great difference between the dose of the original prescription of Wandaitang and the recommended dose in the pharmacopoeia，the author recommended that the clinical dosage of Wandaitang should be 30 g Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，30 g Dioscoreae Rhizoma，6 g Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma，15 g Paeoniae Radix Alba，10 g Plantaginis Semen，10 g Atractylodis Rhizoma，3 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma，3 g Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium，3 g Schizonepetae Spica Carbonisata，and 3 g Bupleuri Radix. The main indications included leucorrhea，vulva pruritus，diarrhea，stranguria，anorexia，eczema，vertigo and so on. This prescription should be used with caution in pregnant women or those with excessive phlegm and dampness，Qi stagnation of spleen and stomach，or deficiency of Yin-fluid and blood. The research and development of Wandaitang compound preparation can be inclined to the direction of compound granules，to give full play to its clinical value and market value. The above studies，based on the textual research of ancient and modern literatures，are of great significance for clarifying the origin and clinical application of Wandaitang，and provide a new idea and basis for the secondary development of Wandaitang.
ABSTRACT
The classical prescription Kaixinsan，which is recorded in an ancient medical book named Beiji Qianjin Yaofang，is one of the famous prescriptions used by ancient physicians to treat amnesia. Research on classical prescriptions has attracted more and more attention from scientific research institutions and related enterprises. Based on ancient books，textual research on origins and development of prescriptions，combing the evolution of prescriptions，preparations，oral ways，taboos and others are the important contents of the study on classical prescriptions. The research results show that the creation of Kaixinsan in Beiji Qianjin Yaofang can be traced back to Kaixinsan recorded in Jiyanfang and Dingzhiwan recorded in Gujinluyanfang. Later generations of physicians created many associated prescriptions in the process of applying Kaixinsan，and the efficacy of these prescriptions was constantly expanded with the development of the times. In the Tang and Song dynasties，Kaixinsan and its associated prescriptions were mainly used to treat amnesia，sorrow，fear，and other diseases. In the Jin and Yuan dynasties，these prescriptions were also used to treat convulsions and yawning. In the Ming dynasty， they were mainly for the treatment of hyperopia， myopia， sprematorrhea，and constipation. In the Qing dynasty，these herbs could be used to treat auricular deafness， aging and sweating. The dosage of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Poria should be increased in the treatment of farsightedness，spermatorrhea and blurred urine，and in the treatment of nearsightedness，the dosage of Polygalae Radix and Haliotidis Concha should be increased. The main pathogenesis of the disease that Kaixinsan and its associated prescriptions treated could be summarized as the deficiency of heart and spleen，imbalance between heart-Yang and kidney-Yin，and the internal resistance of phlegm stagnation. By summarizing the contents of the preparation of tradition Chinese medicine products for Kaixinsan and its associated prescriptions，it is suggested that the dosage form of Kaixinsan can be pills，with the specification size confroming to the most record of ancient generations of physicians，as big as Firmiana platanifolia's fruit.The volume of a single pill is about 0.25 mL and the weight is about 0.3 g. The initial dosage is fifteen pills，which can be modified according to the severity of the illness，with no more than forty pills for each time，three times a day. Also，some excitant food like the sour food，sweet food and mutton should be avoided during the medication. The above research results can provide literature basis for the development of compound tradition Chinese Medicine preparation of Kaixinsan.
ABSTRACT
The Shentong Zhuyutang is recorded in an ancient medical book named Yilin Gaicuo， and it is one of the classical prescriptions. Based on the literature reviewed，it is generally found that the Shentong Zhuyutang is evolved from the prescription named Chentongsan that recorded by Danxi Xinfa. Statistics on the dosage of clinical research on this prescription in recent years， reference to the textbook and pharmacopoeia dose， at the same time to respect the original dosage， verify historical changes， and ensure the safety of prescriptions， at the same time consider the pharmacy's dispenses， the author recommends that the clinical dosage of Shentong Zhuyutang could be 3 gram of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix， 6 gram of Chuanxiong Rhizoma， 10 gram of Persicae Semen， 10 gram of Carthami Flos， 6 gram of Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma， 3 gram of Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix， 5 gram of Myrrha， 12 gram of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， 5 gram of Cyperi Rhizoma，12 gram of Cyathulae Radix， and 6 gram of Pheretima used as a reference. The efficacy of the compound preparation can be marked as promoting blood circulation， removing blood stasis， removing wind and dampness， and relieving pain. At present， most of its research is focused on clinical research and experimental research， and there are few literature on the research of Shentong Zhuyutang from the level of key information verification. The diseases it treats include more than 10， such as Gubi， Pibi， Xuebi， shechuanchuan， headache， postpartum pain and dysmenorrhea， especially in the study of Gubi， which means that it has a huge market demand and broad development prospects in orthopedic diseases， the core point of "blood stasis and cold dampness evil" should be closely held in the course of treatment. Some scholars deem that Shentong Zhuyutang should not be used the method of Force Sweat in the treatment of Bizheng，while others believe that this prescription should be used with caution in menstruation， pregnancy and blood deficiency. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Shentong Zhuyutang has obvious anti-inflammatory， relieve pain， anticoagulan， nerve and bone protection. In view of the fact that there are less researches on Shentong Zhuyutang except for Gubi， this suggests that the mechanism of this prescription treat other diseases has a relatively broad research space.
ABSTRACT
Kaixinsan recorded in an ancient medical book named Beiji Qianjin Yaofang is one of the famous classical formula，which is one of the common prescriptions used by ancient physicians to treat amnesia. In the process of using this prescription，later generations of physicians derived many kinds of associated prescriptions. The effect and indications of these prescription have been inherited and expanded from those in the Beiji Qianjin Yaofang because of the changes in dosages. Therefore，it is necessary to verify the effect and indications of the formulas and the rules of dosage changes. The research results showed that its basic effects included to nourish the mind，induce resuscitation，strengthen the spleen and calm the mind，and keep balance between heart-Yang and kidney-Yin. The main indications included amnesia，sorrow and sadness，fright and fear，and so on，which may differ slightly in different dynasties. In Song，Jin and Yuan dynasties，it also demonstrated the effect of warming the heart and Yang，clearing away heat and relieving wind besides the basic effects， with basically the same indications （slightly different from those in previous dynasties）. In Ming dynasty，it demonstrated the effect of nourishing Yin，clearing away heat and nourishing blood besides the basic effects，and the indications expanded to farsightedness，nearsightedness，spermatorrhea and blurred urine. In the Qing dynasty，its effect also included to nourish the heart and kidney on the basis of the Ming dynasty，and the indications were basically the same with those in the previous dynasties. The compatibility ratio of ancient physicians in the application of this prescription and its associated prescriptions showed some remarkable features，for example，Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Poria should be increased and their ratio was≈1∶1 in the treatment of amnesia，sorrow，sadness，fright，fear，farsightedness，spermatorrhea and blurred urine，with ratio of Polygalae Radix to Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma≈1∶1； the dosage of Polygalae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma should be increased in the treatment of nearsightedness，and their ratio was≈1∶1. The compatibility ratio of Polygalae Radix-Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Poria-Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma=2∶3∶3∶2 was the most frequent，which basically included the indications of this prescription and its associated prescriptions. According to statistics，the average dosages that ancient physicians used were significantly higher than those in the modern times，Polygalae Radix 57 g，Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 62 g，Poria 70 g，and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma 54 g，respectively in ancient times，while Polygalae Radix 11 g，Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 15 g，Poria 17 g，and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma 9.5 g，respectively in modern times. The above textual research results can provide some reference for preparation of tradition Chinese medicine products of Kaixinsan.
ABSTRACT
Xiebaisan is one of the 100 classical prescriptions published by the state， and the research and development of its compound preparation has gradually become an upsurge. The research and development of classical prescriptions should start from the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical practice， laying a solid foundation for research and development. Based on the above thinking， this study adopts the methods of traceability and bibliometrics to analyze the source， pathogenesis， efficacy， Fangyi and clinical application of Xiebaisan in order to further promote its literature research work. The results show that the origin of Xiebaisan can be traced back to the prescription of Xiefeitang in Yinhai Jingwei（Volume 1）. Although there are more than 20 prescriptions with the same name of Xiebaisan developed in later generations， they either reflect the inheritance and development of Qian Yi's thought of composing prescriptions， or only the meaning of "Xiebai" in the name of the prescription. The main pathogenesis of Xiebaisan is adverse lung Qi of heat. Mori Cortex and Lycii Cortex are sweet and cold， which can clear away lung heat and reduce adverse Qi， and then cough and asthma can stop. Supplemented with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and japonica rice， which are endowed with the meaning of nourishing earth and generating gold， to invigorate spleen and replenish Qi. The compatibility of Xiebaisan can clear away lung heat， relieve cough and asthma， and norish erath and generate gold to treat lung heat， asthma and cough. Although the main treatment of Xiebaisan recorded in ancient books involves various diseases and syndromes of internal， external， gynecology and pediatrics， the pathogenesis of Xiebaisan is "adverse lung Qi of heat". Modern clinical application of Xiebaisan focuses on the respiratory system， skin and subcutaneous tissue system， ear， nose and throat system， digestive system， ophthalmic system， etc.， and it has more advantages in the treatment of pneumonia， cough， bronchitis， epistaxis， acne， bronchiectasis， postinfectious cough， constipation and other diseases. The syndrome differentiation of the above diseases is in accordance with the relevant syndrome types with lung heat as the main pathological factor， so we can modify and apply the prescription appropriately.
ABSTRACT
Xiebaisan, which is one of the famous classical formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas (The First Batch) published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in 2018, is derived from the Xiao' er Yaozheng Zhijue with definite clinical effect. By means of bibliometrics, 118 relevant ancient book data were collected, including 75 ancient books of TCM. It was found that the main symptoms of Xiebaisan had been expanded in the past dynasties. For example, the adaptive population of Xiebaisan had been extended from children to women and adults, and the scope of symptoms and signs had also been extended from pediatrics to internal medicine and gynecology. Meanwhile, the names, pathogenesis and syndromes of diseases are also described extensively, although the dosage ratio is different, the compatibility ratio of Mori Cortex, Lycii Cortex and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is relatively constant, and the decoction method is mostly followed by decocted power. At the same time, doctors in Ming and Qing dynasties have made a lot of general comments on explanation of this formula, but there is little controversy.
ABSTRACT
The research and development of classical prescriptions is an important way to promote the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and promote the modernization and internationalization of TCM. It is particularly important to summarize the historical development of the composition of classical prescriptions, so as to define their origin, taste efficacy and syndrome taboos. It is also the source to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the whole prescription. As a commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal material, Lycii Cortex is widely used and has a good prospect for research and development. There are five prescriptions containing wolfberry bark in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions(the First Batch). There are only a few modern literatures on the development of Lycii Cortex. Therefore, this paper will summarize the development of skeleton skin alias, origin, nature, taste, meridian, efficacy, syndromes and taboos in ancient books of the previous dynasties. Textual analysis found that Lycii Cortex was first recorded in the Fifty-two Pathogenic Prescriptions. Ancient books before the Han dynasty did not mention the Chinese medicinal material named " Digupi" . There are little differences in the contents about Digupi between modern literatures and ancient books of the previous dynasties. With the changes of the times, Lycii Cortex has been rarely used, with a fault inheritance, suggesting that there are still many potential efficacy indications for clinical application. In addition to the traditional Chinese medicinal specifications, ancient books also recorded the processing methods with liquorice soup, fried, roasted, children's stool, wine soaking and steaming.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene transfected bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) on cochlear spiral ganglion cells (SGC) impaired by aminoglycoside antibiotics (AmAn).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The differentiation of BMSC transfected by BDNF gene (BDNF-BMSC) were detected with immunohistochemical examination of Nestin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) antibody in vitro. BDNF gene transfected BMSC were transplanted into the cochleae of guinea pigs deafened by amikacin, while the control groups were designed in which artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), BMSC or BDNF gene was injected into cochleae alone. The cochleae were obtained on the week 1, 2 and 4 after injection, respectively, paraffin-embedded, and cut in a paramodiolar plane subsequently. The histopathological changes of cochleae were observed, the density of SGC was calculated by staining with HE, and the corresponding optical density (COD) was calculated with immunohistochemical staining using NSE antibody. And the protective role of various groups on the cochlear SGC were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive staining rate of BDNF gene transfected BMSC with Nestin, NSE and GFAP antibody were all higher than that of BMSC in vitro (P < 0.01). After transplantation into cochleae, the differences of SGC density and COD among various groups were all significant on the same time points (P < 0.05). The SGC density and COD of the BDNF gene transfected BMSC group were the highest. The SGC density and COD of various groups on week 4 were all obviously decreased than those on week 1 and 2 (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AmAn-induced SGC damage could be depressed by BMSC, BDNF gene or BDNF gene transfected BMSC transplantation into cochleae, while BDNF gene transfected BMSC showed the best protective role.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Genetics , Cells, Cultured , Cochlea , Cell Biology , Guinea Pigs , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Spiral Ganglion , Cell Biology , TransfectionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the cochlea of drug-deafened guinea pigs and its protection to spiral ganglion cells (SGC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Guinea pigs deafened by subcutaneous injection of amikacin were randomly divided into two groups, BDNF gene modified bone marrow MSC were injected into the cochlea through fenestration of scala tympani in the experimental group, while artificial perilymphatic fluid were injected in the control group. Experimental animals were executed at 7 and 28 days post-operation. Expression of BDNF mRNA was examined by quantitate real time RT-PCR, histological images of cochlear sections were analyzed to calculate the cellular density of the SGC, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to identify the apoptotic neurons.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The BDNF expressive level in experimental group was higher than in the control group at 7 d and 28 d post-operation, whose differences were both statistically significant (P < 0.01). And, It showed a higher abundance of ganglion cell numbers, as well as a decreased apoptotic index in experimental group compared with the control group at 7 d and 28 d post-operation, whose differences were all statistically significant (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BDNF gene modified MSC could maintain expression for at least 28 days after transplantation into cochlea of drug deafened guinea pigs, and protect SGC.</p>